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craigm
SgtMinor said:Steve Gibson, the creator of Spinrite, explains that over time the
heads can drift from the position they had when the data was first
written to the sector. As a result the now mis-aligned heads can
no longer access that data and thus the sector may be marked as
"bad." The DynaStat component of SpinRite jolts the heads across
the platter in an attempt to locate those heads back over the
place the data was written. It then reads that data and rewrites
it. Here's how it's explained in the SpinRite documentation:
"During this exhaustive rereading, DynaStat employs its second
recovery strategy of deliberately wiggling the drive's heads. By
successively approaching the troubled sector from different
distances and directions, the heads arrive at the sector's track
at different velocities, which in turn produce small but
significant displacements in the head's resting position. This
allows DynaStat to compensate for the long-term alignment drift
that occurs in non-servo based drives, and the positioner
hysterysis that occurs in servo-based designs.
Thus the drive's heads are given every opportunity to land in the
best possible location to correctly read the sector. This approach
is also extremely effective at recovering data from misaligned
diskettes – which SpinRite 3.1 is proving to be extremely
effective upon."
You can hear the clattering sounds from the hard drive when
SpinRite does its thing. It's a great program and I highly
recommend it to people who are trying to extract valuable data
from "bad" sectors.
See "SpinRite's Technology" on this page:
http://www.grc.com/srdocs.htm
OK, I thought that was what you would say.
For non embedded servo drive, the heads could drift over time and
temperature. This is due to the stack up of mechanical drifts and
temperature coefficients of the materials.
However, as an issue with disk drives, drives produced in the last 15+ years
have used embedded servo. The servo information is on the same track as the
data. (Data sectors are placed between the servo bursts.)
To have the sector written on the disk to _not_ be under the path of the
head means that it was not written in the correct position or the heads are
in the wrong position when reading.
The cause of this is mechanical vibration during the read or write process.
There is also some small offset due to noise in the system.
All modern drives have error recovery mechanisms that use retries to read
the data. Many of these retries apply offsets to the servo system to deal
with mispositioned data.
Given this, the only benefit from SpinRite or other data recovery programs
is the fact that it makes additional attempts to read the data from a given
sector. A drive may make 50 or 100 attempts to read a sector before it
gives up. (This depends upon the recovery algorithm specific to the drive.)
Each subsequent read attempt by SpinRite invokes another set of attempts by
the drive.
In other words, all the talk of seeking away and returning by the recovery
program are just meaningless.
There was a time when hard drives used stepper motors to position the heads.
Controllers at the time also had limited error recovery. In that timeframe,
recovery programs may have useful. But for today's hard drives, it is
really in the hands of the drive.
On the other hand, floppies still use stepper motors and the SpinRite
recovery techniques can be useful.