If you don't have any page open then most of your options would be
grayed out. Can you elaborate on at what stage are these grayed out.
Could you also give an example of one option which is grayed out for me
check on my PC.
In addition to ANONYMOUS' reply, you must have a website open before opening
any page.
If there are still greyed-out items, then
Tools->Page Options-Authoring Tab and check the settings there.
Some items will always be greyed out unless you are editing a particular
item in the page, or a particular type of website - most of the Data menu
items, for example, require live editing of a SharePoint site.