If one was working with large amounts of data, when or why
would one choose to use access over excel. In other words,
what are the benefits of access that excel can not provide?
As Kevin says, that is a false comparison. Excel is a spreadsheet, a
very good one; Access is a relational database. It is most
emphatically NOT a "big spreadsheet", and a lot of folks have come to
grief by treating it as one!
Excel is good for "what if" calculations, two-dimensional grids with
calculations going both directions, data analysis, graphing.
Access is good for storing data in an orderly, organized way,
searching for data with great speed and flexibility, sorting data,
assembling multiple related sets of data into coherent logical
structures.
As I sometimes say - "You can drive nails with a crescent wrench but
that doesn't make it a hammer". Both are valuable and useful tools;
but they're not interchangable.