For Excel, start by investigating DoCmd.TransferSpreadsheet.
For Microsoft Word files, it's possible but much more complicated. A
great deal depends on how the data is laid out (e.g. as delimited text,
Word tables or whatever).
In general, if it's delimited text a good approach is to write code that
automates Word to identify the text in question and export it to an
ordinary delimited text file that can be imported with
DoCmd.TransferText. That approach also works with Word tables, but it
can be simpler to save the Word document (or the relevant part of it) to
HTML and then use DoCmd.TransferText to import the table from the HTML
file. Search this newsgroup (e.g. at Google Groups) for something like
import "word table"
and you'll find more.
If you're using Office 2007 and your Word documents are XML files, it
should (at least in principle) be possible to extract the data directly
from the Word tables, but I haven't tried it yet.