You might try something like this:
1. In your existing table, create one new unique index that includes all
the fields.
2. Create a new table that is a copy of the structure of your existing
table.
3. Create a new 1:1 relationship with enforced referential integrity (but
without cascading updates or deletes) from your existing table to the new
table that includes all the fields.
4. Copy records from your existing table to the new table when you don't
want them to be updated or deleted.
5. Optionally secure your database and restrict permissions on the new
table to prevent records from being inserted, updated or deleted (which
controls if related records in your existing table may be updated or
deleted) and prevents the design of tables from being changed except by the
users or groups you want.
Another approach would be to secure your database and preventing direct
access to your existing table except by forms, queries, and code that
enforce your rules about which records may be updated or deleted.