Is the old hardrive an IDE drive??? That would explain why that one would boot and not the SATA.
So you have post, you see the windows logo, then it states a disk read error has occured and then nothing?...... It should go somewhere, unless thats when you see the blank black page with the blinking cursor. Have you tried SAFE MODE???? Reboot tapping F-8 and it should bring you to windows advanced options, then slecect 'Last Known Good Config' and see what happens. If still same, try all options available, just follow the prompts. If its windows XP then thier should be one that says something like step by step disk check or something like that.
I personally, have not had the best of experiences with the SATA drives. I had a pain of a time with my girls pc. I actually had to use an old 6GB hard drive, get windows loaded on that, install the SATA drives, then reboot. On reboot it recognised the Sata Drive. I then Installed windows into the Sata Drive and removed the IDE. Did a couple of test runs, and things were stable. Then reconected the IDE drive as a Slave and left it there. So it is now basically a recovery drive. BUt since then no problems, going on 3 months.