"ping" is a very old, very fundamental test of minimal communication between
two computers, or computer-like devices. It is executed from a command
prompt, either DOS, windows, LINUX, UNIX, etc. If you type "ping /?" at a
windows command prompt, it will provide addtional info. If UNIX/LINUX, type
"man ping". In both cases, do not type the quotation marks.
The most direct way to use ping is with the IP address.
However, on many networks one can ping a more human-understandable text
string, such as a web address. That requires having a DNS server to
translate name to IP for you. All ISPs run such servers, since that is
required for web browsing using addresses like
www.xxx.com, etc.
Note that some devices will refuse to respond to a ping, since it could be
interpretted as beginnings of an attack by some hacker.
If dealling with computers (vs network printers for example), the next level
of communication might be a telnet session or ftp, also run from a command
prompt. For those you will general need a user and password on the remote
computer.
Above that are the more common, and user-friendlier, communications, such as
http, or web browsing. By the way, many browsers will also support an
advanced ftp that allows drag&drop, almost like the remote compute was a
hard drvie connected to your computer.