That kind of resolution exists on film scanners. They scan
slides or 35mm film strips.
You could look for a used film scanner. You would post a
question in a photography group, to get some feedback
on such a question. There is also one group for scanner
questions, but there might only be one person to answer
your questions there (low traffic level).
Or, you could look at something cheesy. Example of something for $134.
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/863022-REG/Wolverine_SNAP14_14Mp_35mm_Film.html
The problem with an advert like that, is there are no trustworthy
measurements listed. The sensor size is given, but no translation
into "native DPI". It's the native DPI that counts, not
any extrapolated value.
Also, with film scanners, you need an objective review
of the thing, to see how bad it is. If all it does, is pick
up dust, hairs, cracks in the film, and your picture not
so much, then it isn't worth buying.
Now, this one is a little more honest. $109 and 1800 DPI. We need
to double the resolution, to approach your spec.
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/895264-REG/Wolverine_f2d20_20MP_35mm_Film_To.html
Here, ~$400 gets you 7200 DPI optical.
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/883631-REG/Plustek_783064365338_OpticFilm_8200i_Ai_Film.html
Specs are here. You have to be clear what you want to scan
as well. 35MM film ? Slides ? or 5"x7" prints ? Scanning
prints is a lot different than scanning the other two types.
And for the other two types, you need a "holder" to hold the
media while it goes into the scanner.
http://plustek.com/uk/products/opticfilm-series/opticfilm-8200i-ai/
Scanning Speed 3600 dpi: Approx. 36 sec (Multi-Sampling ON)
7200 dpi: Approx. 113 sec (Multi-Sampling ON)
Scanning Area (W x L) 36.8 mm x 25.4 mm (1.45" x 1")
With a used film scanner, the tricky part is finding drivers
for it, for your OS. For example, a used film scanner might
use SCSI bus for data connection, rather than USB, and good
luck getting that to work. (I have SCSI cards here, but you
have to find cards at the right price. A card might be $400
regular price, or $50 clearance price, if some SCSI company
is going out of business. USB interfaces are just so much
easier and cheaper.)
HTH,
Paul