Intel had issued its software patch to address a security issue affecting millions of its processors worldwide.
But the software caused many machines to reboot or shut down and Intel later told people not to install it.
Microsoft said its update for Windows 7, 8.1 and 10 disabled Intel's buggy patch and stopped the rebooting issue.
"Our own experience is that system instability can in some circumstances cause data loss or corruption," Microsoft warned in a security bulletin.
The company said it had issued the unscheduled security update "while Intel tests, updates and deploys new microcode".
