I have seen people refer to Memtest for memory testing.
It's available from
www.memtest86.com, and
www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?ArticleID=RWT120901222920 said it was
great, with only one cheap diagnostic receiving higher marks, Gold
Memory (
www.goldmemory.cz). They also said that DocMem (free from
www.simmtester.com) was pretty bad. In my limited experience, I've
found all of this to be true. MemTest86 has found dozens of errors in
memory that DocMem said was fine, and most recently with a Kingston or
K-byte 256MB PC2100 module, every one of MemTest86's cached tests
found tons of errors, but only one of DocMem's tests found anything
wrong. However it's important to run any diagnostic for a long time
because MemTest86 once ran for 4-5 hours before it found any errors,
but Gold Memory always detected the same errors in less than two
minutes (full pass takes 20 min for 256MB PC2100 DDR).
It used to be that all the name brand memory modules I bought worked
and tested perfectly and the only modules that ever gave me problems
were the cheap generic ones from Fry's with chips that had no markings
(or just the size, i.e., 32M x 8) or funny markings (mystery module
maker's name on the chips), or funny brands (Spectec, LEI, Mystic).
But more recently I've found chips like them on Kingston and K-byte
modules, and I've heard that even PNY is using them. So it's probably
a must to run MemTest86 or Gold Memory for 24 hours in a row on any
new memory before putting it into regular use.