Access has a linked table method, but it has major limitations, including the inability to show even all the reasonably important fields. While articles have been written on how to expand on this method's obvious features, I've never been able to duplicate the results. See http://www.outlookcode.com/d/database.htm#linkedtables .
That page will also give you other ideas on how to work with databases and Outlook together. You'll need to write code or use a third-party tool that does the heavy lifting.
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Sue Mosher, Outlook MVP
Author of Configuring Microsoft Outlook 2003
and Microsoft Outlook Programming - Jumpstart for
Administrators, Power Users, and Developers