Yes and No - Startup Repair is performed by Windows PE - an abbreviated
version of Vista - which also is the basis for Vista boot rather than DOS.
As mentioned, if the computer came with a recovery partition (Vista
pre-installed) Windows PE is included to "run" the recovery.
BTW - BartsPE (with disclaimers) is based on Windows PE. Windows PE
originally was only available to OEMs and Microsoft Enterprise customers,
however guidelines for creating a Windows PE repair utility is included in
the WAIK (Windows Automated Installation Kit - free download) as is Windows
PE.
