Yes, you can. Please see Jon's explanation:
http://www.peltiertech.com/Excel/Charts/AxisScaleLinkToSheet.html
Here are some more examples:
'(1) Embedded chart - sets primary axis based on hardcoded inputs:
Sub SetAxes1()
Dim Cht As Chart
Set Cht = Sheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects("Cht01").Chart
With Cht.Axes(xlValue)
.MaximumScale = 6
.MinimumScale = 1
.MajorUnit = 0.5
End With
End Sub
'(2) Embedded chart - sets primary axis based on worksheet cell inputs:
Sub SetAxes2()
Dim Cht As Chart
Set Cht = Sheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects("Cht01").Chart
With Cht.Axes(xlValue)
.MaximumScale = Range("A1")
.MinimumScale = Range("A2")
.MajorUnit = Range("A3")
End With
End Sub
'(3) Embedded chart - sets primary and secondary axis based on worksheet
cell inputs
Sub SetAxes3()
Dim Cht As Chart
Set Cht = Sheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects("Cht01").Chart
With Cht.Axes(xlValue, xlPrimary)
.MaximumScale = Range("A1")
.MinimumScale = Range("A2")
.MajorUnit = Range("A3")
End With
With Cht.Axes(xlValue, xlSecondary)
.MaximumScale = Range("B1")
.MinimumScale = Range("B2")
.MajorUnit = Range("B3")
End With
End Sub
'(4) Chart sheet set axis
Sub SetAxes4()
Dim Cht As Chart
Set Cht = Sheets("Chart1")
With Cht.Axes(xlValue)
.MaximumScale = Range("A1")
.MinimumScale = Range("A2")
.MajorUnit = Range("A3")
End With
End Sub