"cyber" said in
But the first computer needs to be running to allow the second
computer to reach the Internet, right?
Exactly. Whenever you use one host as a gateway for other hosts to gain
access to another network, that gateway host must not only be up but
also running whatever is the portal software. If you leave your
computers up (plus the gateway host is NOT configured to ever go into
Standby mode which will disable the network interface) then use the
software solution. Unless you are running your own "lab" at home where
all the computers are in one room, you probably don't want to be using a
gateway host that has to be always up if your computers are spread
throughout your house. Sneaking into the kids bedroom to turn on their
computer and waking them results in whining, and you might want to turn
off the computer in your bedroom so you can sleep at night without the
fan noise or sounds of "You have new mail".
You might instead want to get a NAT (network address translation)
router. Most of these also come with a built-in firewall. The firewall
isn't super but it's on par with the Windows XP firewall (both only
protect against inbound connections), but something is better than
nothing and the firewall in router affords the same protection for all
hosts on your intranetwork.
Some ISPs try to screw over their customers by letting them get only one
IP address assigned from their DHCP server and want to charge you more
to give you more IP addresses so more of your computers can be
concurrently connected to the Internet. The NAT router gets that
ISP-assigned IP address and the router's DHCP server assigns IP
addresses to host on your intranet, so you could have lots of hosts
concurrently connected. However, the router acts like a switch and has
a processor inside which can handle up to some max load. Most home- or
consumer-grade routers get strained past 15 hosts concurrently trying to
transfer data to/from the Internet or even between themselves through
that router on your intranetwork. The router acts as a gateway to the
Internet (or whatever is on the other side) and also as a switch (to
replace your hub) for the hosts on your intranet.
Whether you decide to go software or hardware for a firewall, visit
http://grc.com and run its Shields Up to see how well your firewall will
stealth your computer(s).