I don't think you can really tell, nor do I think it would matter
much. Think of it this way: you have the same area to cover with ink,
regardless of how the ink gets there. Printing at a higher resolution
doesn't cover the paper more thoroughly, nor does printing at a lower
resolution leave big gaps between the colored areas.
You're wrong here. Printing at lower res - i.e. 600 dpi means 600 spots per
inch, while printing at 1200 dpi means 1200 spots per inch, which means 100%
more spots per inch, which means 100% more ink taken.
You don't see gaps, but they ARE there. Look under big lense or microscope.
Why do you think specs say you can print like 400 sheets of plain paper at
standard resolution and 70-90 pages of highest resolution on high gloss
paper? I bet it's not just for fun.
But easiest way (although costly) is to try: take 100 sheets of gloss or
photo paper, make 100 full sized photos at max resolution, check out
remaining ink, then take 100 plain sheets and make 100 full sized photos at
normal resolution. You'll be surprised ( and without ink, too
)) not
mentioning empty pocekt from wasted photo paper bought.