Yes but how you do it depends upon the drive you had and the drives you have
now in the computer you're using.
The old drive is probably an ATA drive. The new one is probably SATA. You
will notice the connectors are not the same.
However, the CD/DVD drive may be the same type connector (though it may also
be SATA and won't help).
I can think of several other ways that it can and can't work but the drive
is still usable and if the connector is the same, add the drive as a slave
then start the computer and copy the data off of it.
If you don't understand a lick of what I just said, take it to someone that
can put the drive in the computer and copy the data from it (or use it as a
second drive).
I have drive cases around here with various connectors for the different
ones that I can plug the drive in, then hot dock it using either firewire or
USB 2.0 to get the drive connected to a computer.