Only under a Windows emulator. The .mde file is not a program, it's
just the data and the application; it requires a compatible version of
the MSACCESS.EXE program, which is NOT available on the Mac, only on
Windows.
You can put the ms-access application on a windows2000 server, and have the
mac use the application via Terminal Services (Actually, Citrix...as MS does
not sell the MAC client).
This would not actually be running the application on the Mac, but it
certainly is a good solution if you have a mix of PC's and macs that need to
use the application at the same time.